Preheat the oven to 375F. Ready a 9" cast iron skillet or an oven proof Dutch oven. You'll need two sheets of parchment paper as well. Place the raisins in a small bowl and fill to cover with hot tap water.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt.
4 cup Flour, 2 tablespoon Sugar, 1 teaspoon Baking soda, 1 tablespoon Baking powder, ½ teaspoon Salt, ½ cup Raisins
Cut the butter into the flour until completely mixed into a somewhat coarse textured, sandy mixture.
½ cup Butter
Add 1 cup of the buttermilk, reserving the rest for later, drained raisins, and the egg to the flour. Mix the egg and butter milk together, adding the flour to the mixture as you stir. Continue mixing until the flour is completely blended in.
1¼ cup Buttermilk, 1 large Egg
Turn out the dough on a lightly floured surface and knead lightly, folding the dough over about four time, and shape into a round loaf.
Lay the two pieces of parchment paper over each other in opposite directions and place the ball of dough in the middle.
Using a long sharp knife, score a 1" deep X across the top of the dough. Carefully lift the dough ball by the parchment paper and set into the Dutch oven, or in the cast iron skillet.
In a small bowl or cup, mix the remaining buttermilk and melted butter. Brush the mixture the top of the scored soda bread with the mixture, being generous. You'll use about half of the mixture.
¼ cup Butter
Bake the bread for about 50 minutes, basting with the remaining buttermilk mixture halfway through the baking process.
Allow the soda bread to cool before slicing or cutting into wedges and serving.